refinement of a problem

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• Refinement monoid — In mathematics, a refinement monoid is a commutative monoid M such that for any elements a0, a1, b0, b1 of M such that a0+a1=b0+b1, there are elements c00, c01, c10, c11 of M such that a0=c00+c01, a1=c10+c11, b0=c00+c10, and b1=c01+c11. A… …   Wikipedia

• Congruence lattice problem — In mathematics, the congruence lattice problem asks whether every algebraic distributive lattice is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of some other lattice. The problem was posed by Robert P. Dilworth, and for many years it was one of the most …   Wikipedia

• Adaptive mesh refinement — This article is about the use of adaptive meshing in numerical analysis. See Subdivision surface for the use of adaptive techniques in Computer Graphics modelling. In numerical analysis, adaptive mesh refinement is a method of adaptive meshing.… …   Wikipedia

• Whitehead problem — In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, the Whitehead problem is the following question::Is every abelian group A with Ext1( A , Z) = 0 a free abelian group?Abelian groups satisfying this condition are sometimes called Whitehead groups, so …   Wikipedia

• Phase problem — The phase problem is the name given to the problem of loss of information (the phase) from a physical measurement. The name itself comes from the field of x ray crystallography, where the phase problem has to be solved for the determination of a… …   Wikipedia

• Little hierarchy problem — In MSSM, the little hierarchy problem is a refinement of the hierarchy problem, namely a puzzle whose existence is already pretty well established. According to quantum field theory, the mass of the Higgs boson must be pretty light for the… …   Wikipedia

• Abstraction model checking — is for systems where an actual representation is too complex in developing the model alone. So, the design undergoes a kind of translation to scaled down abstract version.The set of variables are partitioned into visible and invisible depending… …   Wikipedia

• Numerical relativity — is one of the branches of general relativity that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems. To this end, supercomputers are often employed to study black holes, gravitational waves, neutron stars and many other… …   Wikipedia

• technology, history of — Introduction       the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things. The term technology, a combination of the Greek technē, “art, craft,” with logos, “word, speech,” meant in Greece a discourse on the arts, both… …   Universalium

• china — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. a translucent ceramic material, biscuit fired at a high temperature, its glaze fired at a low temperature. 2. any porcelain ware. 3. plates, cups, saucers, etc., collectively. 4. figurines made of porcelain or ceramic material …   Universalium

• China — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. People s Republic of, a country in E Asia. 1,221,591,778; 3,691,502 sq. mi. (9,560,990 sq. km). Cap.: Beijing. 2. Republic of. Also called Nationalist China. a republic consisting mainly of the island of Taiwan off the SE coast …   Universalium